Sediment organic matter source estimation and ecological classification in the semi-enclosed Batan Bay Estuary,Philippines   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yuya Ogawa  Yuki Okamoto  Resurreccion Bitoon Sadaba  Mamoru Kanzaki 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(1):110-119

The large organic matter flow in tropical coastal areas is recognized as an important process in the global carbon(C)cycle.However,the nature of organic matter flow in semi-enclosed tropical estuaries remains unclear due to the various environmental processes(tidal change,river flow,waves from the sea,and internal circulation)and organic matter sources therein.Thus,sediment organic matter(SOM)sources,and their distribution pattern,are key to understanding ecosystem material flow.Our research in the Batan Bay Estuary,Philippines,a semi-enclosed estuary under large mangrove deforestation,was conducted to determine ecosystem properties through analysis of C and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and environmental factors.First,we determined that mangrove litter,microphytobenthos,and phytoplankton are the main SOM sources in the Batan Bay Estuary.Second,the estuary was classified into three ecological zones(the Bay zone,Back-barrier zone,and River zone).In addition,we estimated SOM source ratios using the Stable Isotope Analysis in R package and determined different organic matter sources in different zone.The high ratios of mangrove litter as SOM indicate that a large amount of terrestrial plant organic matter remains despite the heavy mangrove deforestation that has occurred since the 1980s,and that the Back-barrier zone consists of a different type of ecosystem that promotes accumulation of C from mangrove litter and microphytobenthos.  相似文献   

Notes on laboratory rearing of juvenile spiny lobsters,jasus edwardsii (hutton) (crustacea: Decapoda: Palinuridae)     

Craig B. Kensler 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):71-75

Post‐puerulus specimens of Jasus edwardsii (Hutton) have been successfully reared in the laboratory from the puerulus stage for periods of up to 12 months. The spiny lobsters were reared in concrete‐asbestos tanks measuring 2.4m × 37cm × 23cm. The tanks were supplied with a continuous flow of sea water and provided with constant aeration. Empty shells of paua (Haliotis iris Martyn) and rocks from the intertidal zone provided cover within the tanks.

Fresh mussel (Mytilus sp.) was preferred to all other foods tried in feeding experiments. The animals were fed every second day on opened mussels, and occasionally on fresh fish. The juveniles “grazed” actively on the calcareous algae (Corallina officinalis L.) present on the rocks.

The animals were extremely sensitive to pollution. To reduce pollution risks all sediments were removed from each tank, as the interstices between them were found to harbour uneaten food particles. Any uneaten foods were siphoned out every second day and each tank was thoroughly cleaned every six to eight weeks.

From a total of over 3,300 animals collected since November 1965, over 800 are presently being reared in the laboratory and various aspects of their ecology studied. The first step in raising larger adult sizes from juvenile stages in the laboratory is clearly possible.  相似文献   

不同施氮量对沙地春小麦株穗性状及产量的影响     

崔建垣  张铜会 《中国沙漠》1999,19(Z1):96-98

在内蒙古奈曼旗对沙地春小麦进行了氮肥施量试验。结果表明,不同施氮量(尿素15.0~51.5g·m^-2)对沙地春小麦穗粒数、千粒重、有效小穗数及其百分率、籽粒产量、生物产量的影响具有显著差异,但对成穗数、株高的影响差异不明显。产量水平以施氮量为37.5g·m^-2时最高。  相似文献   

华南热带水库丰水期浮游植物群落对氮、磷、铁加富的响应——以广东大沙河水库为例     

谢静  苏宇亮  吴斌  张依  肖利娟  顾继光 《湖泊科学》2024,36(1):43-51

富营养化是水生态系统主要的环境问题,自然条件下多种营养盐以组合形式进入水体,明确浮游植物群落对多种营养盐加富的响应对富营养化防治有重要意义。本研究以一座华南热带水库(大沙河水库)为例,分析了2021年枯水期(1—3月)和丰水期前期(4—6月)氮(N)、磷(P)、铁(Fe)和叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度的变化趋势,并通过原位添加实验,解析浮游植物丰度和多样性对N、P、Fe加富的响应。结果表明:与1—3月相比,4—6月期间水体总磷浓度(TP)明显升高,总铁浓度(TFe)呈增加趋势但月度间波动较大,总氮浓度(TN)在4月最低,之后缓慢增加,期间Chl.a浓度从3月的5 μg/L快速增加到5月的29 μg/L。原位实验结果表明:浮游植物群落以蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻为主要组成,所有营养盐添加组浮游植物丰度均有增加,但只有NP同时添加时(NP和FeNP两组)生物量(以Chl.a表征)有显著升高;营养盐添加组细胞丰度的响应在门类和种类间差异明显,实验组组间群落结构和优势种类差异显著,所有处理组的群落多样性均明显高于对照组。N和P添加及其与Fe的联合添加(N、P、NP、FeN、FeP和FeNP)均导致蓝藻丰度升高,绿藻仅在NP添加组(FeNP组和NP组)显著升高且两组没有显著差异,硅藻仅在N和P单独添加组(N和P)显著升高。上述结果说明浮游植物生物量受N、P营养盐的共同影响而非单因子作用,N、P和Fe添加均影响群落结构和多样性,对水库富营养化的管理尤其是蓝藻水华防治应综合考虑3种营养盐的共同作用。  相似文献   

基于“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线的河流水质变异与等级特征值分析方法     

韩豪杰  严星  赵娣  夏永秋  颜晓元 《湖泊科学》2023,35(3):863-873

时空特征分析对全面掌握水质变异规律具有重要意义,但现有的水质时空特征分析方法仍存在水质变异次序不分、水质变幅极值不清、水质评价特征值不明等不足。为更加清晰地探析水质时空特征信息,以秦淮河为研究对象,参考工程水文学经验频率法,建立“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线用于探索流域内高/低活动区不同时间段和丰/枯水期不同河段水质变异特征,并与传统的箱线图法进行对比。结果表明:与箱线图相比,“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线可量化关键水质评判点与特征值信息,使水质时空变异过程更为清晰。在时间上“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线的最佳形式为线性曲线,水质浓度一般不会发生突变;在空间上“水文频率-水质”拟合曲线的最佳形式为指数曲线,水质浓度有较大可能发生突增。各时间段高活动区氮磷浓度大于低活动区,各水体断面丰水期氮磷浓度低于枯水期。该方法分析过程简单方便,结果直观有序,能将水质信息以统计规律自动反映出来,在水质采样点、采样时间和采样频率典型时可作为优选方法用于河流水质时空特征研究。  相似文献   

春玉米生长发育、产量和籽粒品质对减量施氮的响应     

陈妮娜  纪瑞鹏  米娜  张淑杰  于文颖  方缘  张玉书 《气象与环境学报》2021,37(4):86-92

针对当前东北地区过量施氮的问题,研究减量施氮对春玉米生长发育、产量及籽粒品质的影响,对优化氮肥的科学管理技术,促进春玉米生产绿色高效发展具有重要意义。本研究以丹玉405为试验材料,通过大田播种的方式,以农民习惯性施氮量为对照,设置11.1%、55.5%和100%三个水平减量施氮试验,分析春玉米生长发育、产量和籽粒品质对减量施氮的响应机制。结果表明：玉米苗期,减氮导致生长发育指标（株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、生物量干、鲜重、叶片比重等）均减少,不利于地上部的生长和干物质向叶片分配,随着减氮量的增加,减少幅度增加。苗期以后,适量减氮促进玉米地上部的生长,株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、生物量和叶片占比等生物学性状有增加趋势。适量减氮导致果穗长、果穗粗、百粒重、理论产量、籽粒含水量和淀粉含量增加,籽粒脂肪含量减少,氨基酸和粗蛋白含量呈先增加后减少。随着减氮量的增加,果穗长、果穗粗、百粒重和理论产量增加幅度均减小,籽粒含水量和淀粉含量增加幅度增大,脂肪含量减少幅度减小。减氮11.1%时,果穗长、果穗粗和理论产量增加幅度最大,分别为1.9%、3.7%和11.5%。当施氮量为240 kg·hm^-2（减氮11.1%）时,玉米产量达到最大,为945.4 g·m^-2,籽粒脂肪含量最少,为2.4 g·100 g^-1;氨基酸含量最大,为83.9 μmol·g^-1;粗蛋白含量最高,为6.8%。研究结果可为当地的玉米生产提供更加完善的施肥管理,指导农户科学施肥。  相似文献   

论固氮植物在山区农业持续发展中的应用   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

唐亚  陈克明  谢嘉穗  孙辉 《地理研究》1999,18(1):73-78

对固氮植物在山区的应用潜力及前景进行了讨论。固氮植物不仅可以用于改善土壤肥力和保持水土,还可以为山区提供大量的木本饲料在提高土壤肥力方面,详细阐明了应用多年生木本固氮植物提高土壤肥力的新原理和新思路论述了植物篱、生物梯田的水土保持作用、建立生物梯田的方法及其与传统人工梯田相比的优越性。认为发展多年生木本固氮植物在山区水土保持、坡耕地土壤肥力改善、荒坡荒山的治理、木本饲料和薪炭林的发展及在恢复山区退化生态系统方面都有着广阔的前景。  相似文献   

中国主要河流控制站氮、磷含量变化规律初探   总被引：33，自引：1，他引：32  

段水旺  章申 《地理科学》1999,19(5):411-416

根据黄河洛口站,长江武汉站和珠江高要站１９８０到１９８９年的水文,水化学资料,分别计算中国３条主要河流下游控制站８０年代营养元素氮,磷平均含量,比较氮,磷含量的季节变化规律,并探讨影响它们含量变化的主要因素。  相似文献   

太湖人工生态系统中氮循环细菌分布   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

王国祥  濮培民  黄宜凯  张圣照 《湖泊科学》1999,(2)

对太湖五里湖的以水生高等植物为主的湖泊人工生态系统,用最大可能数（ＭＰＮ）法,测定了该系统内各种生态类型水生高等植物群落内的４类氮循环细菌的分布．结果表明,反硝化细菌的最大可能数（ＭＰＮ）,在水生高等植物群落内水体中较敞水区湖水高２－５个数量级,差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,漂浮植物群落内水体的反硝化细菌ＭＰＮ值较沉水和浮叶植物群落内水体高２－３个数量级,差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）;硝化细菌ＭＰＮ值,敞水区湖水高于凤眼莲、水花生群落内水体,差异显著（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０５）,菱群落与其他群落比较,亦有极显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０１）;亚硝化细菌ＭＰＮ值,在水生高等植物群落内的水体中较敞水区高 ３－ ４个数量级,差异极显著（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０１） ;氨化细菌ＭＰＮ值,在水生高等植物群落内的水体中高于敞水区水体．除硝化细菌外,反硝化、亚硝化及氨化细菌均在根际处最为密集,且由根际向外呈现递减趋势．  相似文献   

Nährstoff- und Sauerstoffbilanz eines hochbelasteten Klärwerksableiters unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der submersen Makrophyten     

S. Krner 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1997,25(1):34-40

Nutrient and Oxygen Balance of a Highly Polluted Treated Sewage Channel with Special Regard to the Submerged Macrophytes The changes of the concentrations of inorganic nitrogen compounds, orthophosphate, and oxygen were measured in the flowing wave along the flowing stretch of the Berlin treated sewage channel Wuhle monthly over a period of two years (1993/94) to estimate the nutrient and oxygen balances. This treated sewage channel is rich in nutrients and densely covered with submerged macrophytes. During the period of investigation in 1993 (1994), the effluent of the sewage treatment plant Falkenberg, which is lacking in adjustable nitrification and denitrification. contained in average 16.1 (12.7) mg/L of NH-N, 13.7 (9.4) mg/L of NO₃^?-N. 0.94 (0.69) mg/L of NO-N. and 0.36 (0.26) mg/L of PO-P. Due to the neglectable influence of other processes like nutrient uptake by submerged macrophytes and algae, desorption of ammonia or dilution, the changes of the concentrations of the inorganic nitrogen compounds are mainly influenced by nitrification and denitrification. The nitrification is mainly done by sessile nitrifiers in the treated sewage channel Wuhle. The nitrification rates. calculated from the decrease of the ammonium concentrations, were between 0.5 and 20 g/(m²d) related to the flowing stretch area. The ammonium concentrations decreased along the flowing stretch in average by 20 to 44%. The highest nitrification rates could be found at the stretches with a dense colonization with submerged macrophytes and a good oxygen supply due to low water depth and high flowing velocities. The denitrification rates, calculated from the decrease of the total of the concentrations of the inorganic nitrogen compounds, were between 0.5 and 23 g/(m²d) related to the flowing stretch area. The total loss of nitrogen due to denitrification was between 10 and 20% along the flowing stretch of the treated sewage channel Wuhle. This corresponds to a total amount of up to 530 kg nitrogen per day. The main part of the phosphorus occured as orthophosphate in concentrations between 0.04 and 0.87 mg/L of PO-P in the effluent of the treatment sewage plant Falkenberg. The orthophosphate concentration changed along the flowing stretch mostly in such a manner that it were at the same level at the end of the flowing stretch at the mouth into the river Spree. The self-purification capacity of the channel does not lead to a relevant reduction of the very high nutrient load under the present conditions. The rates of the photosynthetic production (P) and the community respiration (R) were calculated from the rates of the total changes of oxygen with regard to the physical aeration. The rates of the photosynthetic production were between 0 and 33 g/(m²d), the rates of the community respiration between 15 and 75 g/(m²d). Therewith, the Wuhle treatment sewage channel belongs to the very productive waters. A positive balance (P > R) could only be measured on two segments in May. The rates of oxygen production depend on the ratio width to depth of the water. It is possible that the positive influence of the submerged macrophytes on the oxygen balance also at higher biomasses than 250 g/m² (as dry weight) predominates at the segments with a favourable ratio. The portion of the oxygen input through diffusion along the flowing stretch and at the weirs was 30%, respectively, that of the photosynthic production 40% in summer. The rates of community respiration decreased along the flowing stretch by 50 to 90%. The nitrification had the main portion of the oxygen depletion in the Wuhle treated sewage channel with 60…80%. Despite the high biomass, the respiration of the submerged macrophytes had only a small portion of the total oxygen depletion. Nevertheless, the submerged macrophytes contributed to the nearly total oxygen depletion at the most densely covered segment 2 at night. The decrease of the content of particular organic material and the ammonia concentrations at the effluent of the sewage treatment plant, a diminishing of the biomass of submerged macrophytes by shading, and the widening of a few flowing stretches are demanded for the improvement of the oxygen balance of the Wuhle treated sewage channel.  相似文献